The attenuation or amplification will ramp down (or up) to a lower cutoff frequency ( f 1), at which point the attenuation/amplification will level out. So a low shelf filter will attenuate or amplify frequencies below a defined cutoff frequency ( f 2). Audio signals, therefore, will often only have frequency information within this range so to avoid having any imperceptible information that would take up headroom or storage space or cause other issues (such as aliasing, imaging, etc.). The major difference between low and high shelf filters is the name: low shelf filters affect (boost or cut) frequencies at the low-end of the audio signal while high shelf filters affect (boost or cut) frequencies at the high-end of the audio signal.įor perspective, the universally-accepted audible frequency range of human hearing is 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz. I just wanted to start off by discussing this type of audio equalization and distinguishing between the filters and the EQ type. However, low shelf and high shelf filters can be present in all types of audio equalizers and tone controls (yes, even those with “mid” controls).Īnd so we'll focus more on the particulars of the low and high shelf filters in this article rather than on shelving EQ itself. To limit things even further, these tone controls will only have “bass” (low shelf) and “treble” (high shelf) controls. These “EQs” are technically restricted to having only low and high shelf controls and you'll typically only ever have them in tone controls. Shelving EQ is often listed as it's own type of audio equalizer. Shelving can be used to either boost/amplify or cut/attenuate and affects all frequencies equally beyond defined cutoff frequency points. What is shelving equalization? Shelving EQ utilizes high and/or low shelf filters to affect all frequencies above or below a certain cutoff frequency, respectively. Collectively, these filters make up what is known as “shelving EQ”. In the opening paragraphs, I gave brief answers as to what defines a low shelf and a high shelf filter. Rather, it's a guide to understanding and using shelving EQ/filters in the context of audio mixing and production. However, this is by no means a complete study on filters. In this article, we'll get into some theory to help us understand shelving filters. It's important to note, before we begin, that the study of electronic filters is rather dense. We'll also consider some uses of low shelf filters and high shelf filters in the context of audio mixing. In this article, we'll discuss shelving EQ filters in detail, discussing how they work, how they're designed and how they show up in audio devices. The resulting amplitude-frequency graph resembles a shelf in the high-end. What is a high shelf filter in audio? A high shelf filter is a filter that either boosts (increases amplitude) or cuts (decreases amplitude) frequencies above a certain cutoff frequency up to another cutoff frequency, where the amplitude will level off. The resulting amplitude-frequency graph resembles a shelf in the low-end. What is a low shelf filter in audio? A low shelf filter is a filter that either boosts (increases amplitude) or cuts (decreases amplitude) frequencies below a certain cutoff frequency down to another cutoff frequency, where the change in amplitude will level off. From dedicated audio equalizers to tone controls on stereos and instruments, shelving EQ filters are commonplace components in both analog and digital audio devices.
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